Literature

• IUCN 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. IUCN. [link]
• MacRae, D.M. & De Meyer, K. 2020. Dutch Caribbean conservation species list. Using management effectiveness to strengthen species conservation in the Caribbean.
• Proosdij, A.S.J. van 2012. Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. 318 pp. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
• The Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Encyclopedia of Life. [link] (Cactaceae)
• Buurt, G. van 2014. Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language. Some names of Animals and Plants in Papiamentu. 93pp. Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma & University of Curaçao. (Melocactus)