Literature

• Boldingh, I. 1909. The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
• Howard, R.A. 1988. Dicotyledoneae - Part 1. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 4: 673. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
• Rojer, A. 1997. Biological Inventory of Saba. 87 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
• Stoffers, A.L. 1980. Urticaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 2: 121-131.
• The Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]
• WCSP 2017. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Encyclopedia of Life. [link] (Urticaceae)