Literature

• Burg, W.J. van der, Freitas, J. de, Debrot, A.O. & Lotz, L.A.P. 2012. Naturalised and invasive alien plant species in the Caribbean Netherlands: status, distribution, threats, priorities and recommendations. 1-82. Plant Research International, Wageningen UR.
• Proosdij, A.S.J. van 2012. Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. 318 pp. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
• Stoffers, A.L. 1984. Rhamnaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 3: 363-370.
• The Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Encyclopedia of Life. [link] (Rhamnaceae)