Literature

• Boldingh, I. 1909. The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
• Freitas, J.A. de, Nijhof, B.S.J., Rojer, A.C., Debrot, A.O. 2005. Landscape ecological vegetation map of the island of bonaire (southern caribbean). 64. Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation, Curaçao Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Netherlands.
• Howard, R.A. 1989. Dicotyledoneae - Part 2. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 5: 604. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
• Proosdij, A.S.J. van 2012. Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. 318 pp. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
• Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of Sint Eustatius. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
• Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of St. Maarten. 102 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
• Slogteren, J.H. van 1984. Malvaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 3: 199-230.
• The Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Axelrod, F.S. 2015. A Systematic Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Sint Eustatius. 179 pp. (Malvaceae)