Literature

• Rocha, R.M., Faria, S.B., Moreno, T.R. 2005. Ascidians from Bocas del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity. Caribbean Journal of Science 41(3): 600-612.
• Sluiter, C.P. 1898. Tuniciers recueillis en 1896 par la Chazalie dans la mer des Antiles. 35. Amsterdam.
• WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. www.marinespecies.org. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Humann, P. 1992. Reef Creature Identification. New World Publications. (Ascidiacea)
• Voss, G.L. 1976. Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. 167. E.A. Seemann Publishing, Inc.. (Ascidiacea)