Goodbody, I. 1984. The Ascidian fauna of two contrasting lagoons in the Netherlands Antilles: Piscadera Baai, Curaçao, and the Lac of Bonaire. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 67: 21-49.
Humann, P. 1992. Reef Creature Identification. New World Publications.
Millar, R.H. 1962. Some ascidians from the Caribbean. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 13: 61-77.
Name, W.G. van 1921. Ascidians of the West Indian region and southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 44: 283-494.
Name, W.G. van 1924. Ascidians from Curaçao. Bijdragen tot de kennis der fauna van Curaçao 23: 23-32.
Schrieken, N. 2016. Tunicates of St. Eustatius. In: Marine biodiversity survey of St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean, 2015. 56-59. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, and ANEMOON Foundation, Bennebroek.
Sloot, C.J. van der 1969. Ascidians of the family Styelidae from the Caribbean. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 30: 1-57.
Sluiter, C.P. 1898. Tuniciers recueillis en 1896 par la Chazalie dans la mer des Antiles. 35. Amsterdam.
Voss, G.L. 1976. Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. 167. E.A. Seemann Publishing, Inc..
WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. www.marinespecies.org. [link]