Howard, R.A. 1988. Dicotyledoneae - Part 1. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 4: 673. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
MacRae, D.M. & De Meyer, K. 2020. Dutch Caribbean conservation species list. Using management effectiveness to strengthen species conservation in the Caribbean.
Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of St. Maarten. 102 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.