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- Axelrod, F.S. 2015. A Systematic Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Sint Eustatius. 179 pp.
- Boldingh, I. 1909. The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
- Howard, R.A. 1989. Dicotyledoneae - Part 2. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 5: 604. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
- Mori, S.A., Gracie, C.A. 2007. Flowering Plants. Plants and Lichens of Saba Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden. [link]
- Rojer, A. 1997. Biological Inventory of Saba. 87 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
- Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of Sint Eustatius. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
- Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of St. Maarten. 102 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
- Stoffers, A.L. 1966. Flacourtiaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 2: 42-49.
- The Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]
- WCSP 2017. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [link]
Literature references linked to higher taxa