Presence
| Recorded on | Saba |
| Presence status | Indigenous (1) - Saba |
| Distribution description | Native to southern America. |
Publications
- Boldingh, I. 1909. The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
- Howard, R.A. 1988. Dicotyledoneae - Part 1. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 4: 673. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
- Mori, S.A., Gracie, C.A. 2007. Flowering Plants. Plants and Lichens of Saba Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden. [link]
- Rojer, A. 1997. Biological Inventory of Saba. 87 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
- WCSP 2017. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [link]
- Yuncker, T.G. 1966. Piperaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 2: 71-87.